What term describes prejudice or discrimination against a person's ethnicity?

The term that correctly describes prejudice or discrimination against a person's ethnicity is racism. Racism encompasses negative beliefs, attitudes, and actions directed towards individuals based on their ethnic background. It reflects systemic issues where certain ethnic groups may be marginalized or disadvantaged due to their identity. This term is often explored in discussions about social justice, equality, and human rights, highlighting the impact of such beliefs on individuals and society as a whole.

The other terms listed have distinct meanings related to attitudes and biases. Elitism refers to the belief that a select group of people, often defined by wealth or social status, is superior to others. Xenophobia is the fear or hatred of people from other countries, which is more focused on nationality or perceived foreignness than ethnicity. Favoritism involves favoritism shown to particular individuals or groups based on personal preferences rather than their ethnic or racial characteristics.